General Cultivation 1

Introduction of Cacti to Europe

Like many new introductions to Europe during the mid 15th century Christopher Columbus was involved when he brought back the first examples of Melocactus & Opuntia (prickly pear) from the West Indies and gave them as a gift to Queen Isabella of Spain.

In the late 18th Century interest in Cacti grew with an increase in the number of botanical expeditions. Some of the early species collected were extremely valuable and became much sought after by members of the nobility.

CULTIVATION

Cacti originate from the desert regions of USA, Mexico and South America. Therefore, soil, lighting, temperature and watering are all very important factors in their care and cultivation.

Containers

Clay and plastic containers are equally suitable for cacti, although clay pots dry out more quickly, which is sometimes helpful when dealing with the more delicate species. The containers should be large enough to accommodate the roots but not too large for the plant. Generally it is better to use half pots as must cacti tend to be shallow rooted. Although as with most things there are always exceptions as some plants will produce a 'tap' root which will require additional depth.

Compost

There are two schools of thought when it comes to the choice of compost. Some growers prefer to use a soil based compost, others choose a soil less or Peat based compost. Whichever soil type is important that the medium is kept well drained by adding grit to the compost. With Clay pots crocks should be added to the bottom of the pot to ensure good drainage.

I prefer to use the following mix:

2 Part Good Quality John Innes No2,

1 Part Good Quality Ericaceous Compost,

2 Part Sharp Horticultural Grit.

I finally top-dress the pot using Aquarium gravel.

Pests

Cacti are not particularly susceptible to pests. However there are a few to look out for.

Mealy Bug- The most common and have the appearance of small wood lice with a white woolly coating .

Root Mealy Bug- Similar to Mealy Bugs but infect the roots of plants and are therefore difficult to spot.

Red Spider Mite- Very tiny red mites that can quickly re-produce in large numbers and damage the plants.

All of the above pests are best treated using 'Provado' systemic action insecticide.